![]() This difference was statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.033). The proportion of MCI identified using the MMSE was 31.03% compared to 72.41% when using the MoCA-Ina. This was a cross-sectional study of stroke outpatients who attended the Polyclinic Neuromuscular Division, Rehabilitation Department, and Polyclinic Stroke, Neurology Department Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of MCI identified between the MMSE and MoCA-Ina in stroke patients. Alternatively, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina) has been reported to have a higher sensitivity than the MMSE. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), which is commonly used as a screening tool for cognitive impairment, has a low sensitivity to detect cognitive impairment, especially MCI. Cognitive impairment is one long-term complication of a stroke. It was developed primarily for use in persons with dementia of the Alzheimer type (the equivalent of probable Alzheimer’s Disease) and it can also be used to stage dementia in other illnesses as well.Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as cognitive impairment that may never develop into dementia. The Clinical Dementia Rating or CDR was developed at the Memory and Aging Project at Washington University School of Medicine in 1979 for the evaluation of staging severity of dementia. The Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale ( BADLS) is a 20-item questionnaire designed to measure the ability of someone with dementia to carry out daily activities such as dressing, preparing food and using transport. Bristol Activities of Daily Living ( B-ADL): The CESD-R measures symptoms defined by the American Psychiatric Association' Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) for a major depressive episode. The CESD-R is a screening test for depression and depressive disorder. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) was created in 1977 by Laurie Radloff, 1 and revised in 2004 by William Eaton and others. Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale ( CEDS): The total possible score is 30 points a score of 26 or above is considered normal. Time to administer the MoCA is approximately 10 minutes. It assesses different cognitive domains: attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was designed as a rapid screening instrument for mild cognitive dysfunction. It is divided into 8 subscales: orientation, language (comprehension and expression), memory (remote, recent and learning), attention, praxis, calculation, abstraction and perception Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( MoCA): The CAMCOG consists of 67 items, including the 19 items from the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The measure assesses orientation, language, memory, praxis, attention, abstract thinking, perception and calculation. The CAMCOG is a standardized instrument used to measure the extent of dementia, and to assess the level of cognitive impairment. The CAMCOG is the cognitive and self-contained part of the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX). Cambridge Cognitive Examination ( CAMCOG): The RBANS requires approximately 25 minutes to administer, and is a “pencil-and-paper” test, with only a stimulus booklet and record form needed for administration and scoring.
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